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AMP  Upton 


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CAMP   UPTON 


BIRD'S-EYE   VIEW   OF   CAMP   UPTON 


CAMP   UPTOM 

DESCRIBED  AND  PHOTOGRAPHED 


BY 

ROGER  BATCHELDER 

Author  of  "Camp  Devens,"  and  "Watching  and  Waiting  on  the  Border" 

With  photographs  taken  by  the  author  under  the  official  authorization  of  the  Committee 

on  Public  Information  and  the  War  Department,  and  with  the 

endorsement  of  the  authorities  at  Camp  Upton 

Copyright,  19 18,  by  Small,  Maynard  &  Company,  Incorporated 


BOSTON 
SMALL.  MAYNARD  &  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS 


J    1       J    :>  • 


THE  BUILDING   OF  CAMP  UPTON 

NTIL  June,  1917,  Yaphank  was  known  to  the  outside  world  as  a  joke.  The  traveller 
from  New  York  to  Greenport  saw  the  name  on  the  weather-beaten  station  and  laughed ; 
then  he  told  friends  about  the  funny  name,  and  they,  too,  laughed.  But  outside  of 
this  unusual  appellation,  Yaphank  had  no  more  claim  to  immortahty  than  the  neigh- 
boring and  equally  rustic  villages  of  Medford  and  Center  Moriches.  Things  are  no  longer  "as 
they  used  to  be,"  however.  As  Camp  Devens  has  written  the  name  of  Ayer  on  the  war  annals 
of  the  country,  and  Camp  Grant  emblazoned  with  fame  the  village  of  Rockford,  so  has  Camp 
Upton,  the  home  of  the  metropolitan  draft  men,  made  Yaphank,  to  the  mind  of  the  New  Yorker, 
far  more  important  than  the  provincial  cities  of  Philadelphia  and  Boston.  So  far  as  immortality 
is  concerned,  Yaphank  is  "there  to  stay."  But  the  town  itself  has  no  actual  connection  with 
Camp  Upton;  the  cantonment,  five  miles  away,  although  within  the  limits  of  the  township,  is 
absolutely  isolated  from  the  village  itself.  We  shall  long  cherish  Yaphank,  the  tradition,  but  it 
is  just  as  well  to  forget  Yaphank,  the  town,  as  soon  as  possible. 

When  the  all-seeing  eye  of  the  War  Department  scanned  the  expanses  of  the  country  for 
possible  sites  for  the  sixteen  training-schools  of  the  future  champions  of  democracy,  it  alighted 
on  one  of  the  most  desolate  portions  of  Long  Island.  There  was  a  tract  sixteen  miles  square, 
without  a  brook,  a  river,  a  pond,  a  dell,  a  hill,  a  forest,  on  its  surface.  The  sandy  soil  contained 
enough  nutriment  for  a  thick  growth  of  scrub-oak,  but  not  enough  for  more  luxuriant  vegetation. 
It  was  a  wild  and  dreary  place,  inhabited  only  by  countless  swarms  of  mosquitoes.  But  military 
expediency  was  oi  ^i;e^tjer  import  than  natural  beauty  and  picturesqueness,  and  this  tract  was 
chosen 'for  the  *-Caii%cfiTment  of  the  New  York  draft  men. 

E£Cr|y;iji:Ju.np,j  1917,  the  contract  was  awarded  to  the  Thompson-Starrett  Company,  of  Wall 
Street*  'NeWYorkl  "Lbuis  J.  Horowitz,  president  of  the  company,  had  charge  of  the  construction 


work,  under  the  supervision  of  Major  O'Kelley  Myers,  U.S.R.,  the  constructing  quartermaster. 
The  sanitary-  arrangements  were  under  the  dominion  of  Major-General  WilHam  C.  Gorgas,  of 
Panama  fame,  the  surgeon-general  of  the  United  States  Army. 

On  June  24,  the  advance  guard  of  the  army  of  laborers  arrived  at  Yaphank,  and  the  great 
work  began.  Innumerable  difficulties  presented  themselves.  There  was  a  lack  of  suitable  living 
accommodations,  and  there  were  so  many  mosquitoes  that  steady  work  was  practically  impos- 
sible. Many  workmen  returned  to  New  York  immediately.  The  Eastern  Department  was 
scoured  for  skilled  and  unskilled  laborers,  but  even  the  payment  of  railroad  fares  and  promises 
of  phenomenal  wages  were  insufficient  to  induce  many  of  them  to  come  to  the  cantonment. 

After  a  month,  things  went  more  smoothly.  The  mosquitoes  were  quickly  and  permanently 
put  to  rout  by  General  Gorgas,  and  the  contractors  did  everything  possible  to  make  their  em- 
ployees comfortable  and  happy.  Five  thousand  men  was  the  average  number  on  the  pay-roll, 
and  when  August  31  came,  over  ten  thousand  laborers  were  working  day  and  night  in  a  final 
effort  to  bring  the  cantonment  to  completion. 

Carloads  of  supplies  came  to  the  spur  of  the  tracks  which  had  been  extended  into  the  camp, 
and  motor-trucks  were  waiting  to  take  them  to  every  part  of  the  military  city.  Every  minute 
of  the  night  and  day  carpenters  were  pounding,  gangs  were  working  on  the  roads,  electricians 
were  wiring  the  buildings.  But  on  September  11,  when  the  first  draft  men  arrived,  the  camp  was 
only  thirty-eight  per  cent  finished,  and  many  weeks  passed  before  the  stupendous  task  was  over. 
The  total  cost  of  construction  was  $6,390,528.  The  contract  called  for  over  fourteen  hundred 
buildings,  thirty  miles  of  roads,  and  five  hundred  miles  of  electric  wiring.  Thirty  million  board- 
feet  of  Virginia  and  Louisiana  lumber  were  necessary  for  the  completion  of  the  great  city. 

Major-General  J.  Franklin  Bell,  a  regular  army  officer  of  national  repute,  was  ordered  to 
Yaphank  in  September,  and  placed  in  command  of  the  new  unit  of  the  Eastern  Department  — 
the  77th  Division.  His  subordinate  officers  of  high  rank  were,  for  the  most  part,  experienced 
soldiers  of  the  regular  army ;   the  remainder  were  graduates  of  the  first  officers'  camps.    In  honor 


of  Major-General  J.  Emory  Upton,  U.^.V.,  author  of  "The  Military  PoHcy  of  the  United  States," 
the  cantonment  was  christened  "Camp  Upton." 

After  September  10,  the  flow  of  draft  men  continued  until  40,000  soldiers,  all  from  Greater 
New  York,  were  within  the  borders  of  the  great  city.  Not  only  is  Camp  Upton  a  city  in  terms 
of  population,  but  in  many  other  ways  the  analogy  is  accurate.  There  is  a  police  force,  the  ex- 
cellence of  which  is  assured  by  the  membership  of  one  hundred  and  forty  New  York  "bluecoats," 
and  the  efficient  fire-department  comprises  forty  New  York  firemen,  whose  leader  is  an  ex-bat- 
talion chief.  Camp  Upton  has  also  a  complete  telephone  system,  a  post-office,  one  of  the  largest 
laundries  in  the  world,  an  excellent  water-system,  numerous  post-exchanges,  several  restaurants, 
a  theatre,  a  hotel,  telegraph  offices,  a  large  hospital  —  and  all  these  within  the  camp  proper,  a 
space  which  would  occupy  perhaps  one  quarter  of  Manhattan  Island.  There  are  eight  distinct 
villages,  which,  in  toto,  form  a  huge,  hollow  rectangle.  To  complete  its  similarity  to  a  city,  the 
streets  and  avenuees  have  been  numbered  in  accordance  with  the  New  York  system. 

The  Camp  Upton  unit  has  been  aptly  termed  "The  Metropolitan  Division,"  as  every  man  in 
the  division  was  formerly  a  resident  of  Greater  New  York.  And  when  one  takes  into  account  the 
diversified  population  of  New  York  City,  one  can  easily  understand  why  this  body  of  soldiers  is 
probably  the  most  remarkable  that  the  world  has  ever  seen. 

The  chief  units  of  Camp  Upton  are  as  follows : 

Infantry:  367  (colored),  305th,  306th,  307th,  308th,  1  Trench  Mortar  Battery 

regiments  152nd  Depot  Brigade 

Field  Artillery :  304th,  305th,  306th  regiments     "  302nd  Engineers 

The  Signal  Corps  302nd  Sanitary  Train 

Machine  Gun  Battalions:  304th,  305th,  306th,  351st  (colored)  Military  Police 

Considering  the  delay  in  completing  the  cantonment,  the  progress  of  the  Upton  boys  has 
been  remarkable.     They  are  by  no  means  outclassed,  as  one  might  suppose,  by  those  fellow- 

6 


conscripts  at  other  camps  who  have  had  many  more  weeks  of  training.  There  is  one  great  reason 
for  their  success  —  the  American  spirit.  These  New  York  men,  of  every  race,  sect,  trade,  occu- 
pation and  class  of  society  under  the  sun,  have  overcome  cheerfully  and  proudly  numerous  ob- 
stacles to  their  success.  They  have  forgotten  their  past  lives;  they  now  live  in  the  future,  with 
only  one  end  in  view,  an  end  to  which  they  have  subordinated  every  personal  ambition  and  sen- 
timent. Go  where  you  will,  and  you  will  find  it  —  at  Upton,  Devens,  Grant  or  Meade  —  the  one 
goal  of  the  American  youth  —  victory.    That  is  the  secret  of  the  success  of  the  draft  army. 

This  book  is  intended  for  the  men  of  Camp  Upton  and  for  their  families  and  friends.  To  the 
soldiers  it  will  serve,  I  trust,  as  a  memento  of  their  army  life,  which,  however  unpleasant  it  may 
now  seem,  they  will  regard  in  retrospect  with  pleasure  and  pride.  In  after  years  they  will  turn 
these  pages  and  see,  in  khaki,  themselves  and  the  best  friends  they  ever  had  —  their  soldier- 
comrades.  Their  civilian  friends  can  now  see  depicted  in  miniature  the  great  draft  army  of  the 
Republic;  they  can  see  how  our  boys  live,  how  they  work,  how  they  play,  and  will  be  able  better 
to  appreciate  what  it  all  means. 

The  302nd  Engineer  regiment  very'  kindly  gave  me  several  pictures  which  appear  in  this  book, 
pictures  which  were  taken  in  the  performance  of  their  manifold  duties.  I  also  wish  to  acknowl- 
edge the  courtesy  of  the  following  gentlemen:  Mr.  Lindsay  McKenna,  war  correspondent  and 
editor  of  the  Camp  Upton  Despatch;  Mr.  Edward  Clary,  camp  correspondent  of  the  Brooklyn 
Eagle;  my  friend  Mr.  Harold  A.  LaTour,  for  invaluable  criticism  of  this  work;  and  the  following 
officers  of  Camp  Upton:  Colonel  James  A.  Moss,  367th  Infantry';  Colonel  C.  O.  Sherrill,  Captains 
Crawford  and  Renshaw,  302nd  Engineers;  Captain  Richardson  and  Lieutenant  Brown,  of  the 
Intelligence  Department;  and,  above  all,  the  enlisted  personnel  of  Camp  Upton,  who  rendered 
me  every  possible  aid  in  preparing  this  volume. 

Roger  Batchelder. 

March  15,  1918. 


"THE  MOVING  FINGER  WRITES 


11 


EFORE  the  summer  of  1917,  Archi- 
bald Poindexter,  Tony  Carlotta  and 
Abie  Rabinovitz,  citizens  of  New 
York,  had  lived  in  different  social 
spheres,  and  under  different  conditions  of  life. 
Poindexter,  a  college  graduate  and  son  of  a  mil- 
lionaire, watched  the  Wall  Street  ticker  during 
the  day ;  in  the  evening,  he  went  to  his  club,  at- 
tended the  opera,  or  entertained  at  his  home  on 
Fifth  Avenue.  Not  many  blocks  away  lived 
Tony,  in  a  musty  flat  which  looked  upon  a  busy 
street  from  the  front  and  upon  a  squalid  alley 
from  the  rear.  He  blacked  boots  at  a  little 
stand  down-town,  and  was  earning  such  good 
wages  that  he  hoped  soon  to  have  a  stand  of 
his  own.  Then  there  was  Abie,  who  worked 
long  hours  in  his  father's  tailorshop  during  the 
evening,  and  drove  a  delivery  wagon  in  the 
daytime.  Sometimes  Tony  blacked  the  boots 
of  the  rich  man,  and  grinned  pleasantly  on 
receiving  an  extra  nickel.  And  every  morning, 
Abie  delivered  groceries  at  the  back  door  of 
the  Fifth  Avenue  mansion.  That  was  the 
extent   of  the  relations   of  these   three   men. 


Nothing  short  of  a  miracle  could  have  brought 
them  intimately  together,  yet  on  June  5,  1917, 
the  miracle  took  place.  On  that  day  each  of 
them  visited  the  same  board  of  registration, 
acknowledged  his  liability  for  military  service, 
then  returned  home  and  continued  his  daily 
routine. 

On  July  28  —  the  American  "day  of  days" 
—  the  finger  of  Fate  stirred  a  bowl  at  Washing- 
ton, picked  from  it  numbered  slips,  and  wrote 
the  numbers  on  the  blackboard.  Each  slip 
called  hundreds  of  Americans  to  arms.  As 
soon  as  the  results  were  published,  the  young 
men  of  the  countr>^  thronged  the  offices  of  the 
boards,  and  examined  carefully  the  printed 
lists.  And  in  this  office  Poindexter,  Carlotta, 
and  Rabinovitz  learned  that  they  were  the 
first  men  to  be  called  from  their  district. 

A  week  or  two  later  they  received  a  letter 
which  ordered  them  to  report  for  examination. 
All  three  passed  the  physical  tests,  waived 
exemption,  and  went  home  to  wait  for  the 
first  bugle-call. 


L'ndenrood  is"  Underwood.  \ew  i'ork 


THE   ROLL   OF    HONOR 


THE  BUGLE  CALLS 


In  the  limousine  on  the  way  home  Poin- 
dexter,  senior,  put  his  hand  on  his  son's 
shoulder,  told  him  he  was  sorry  to  lose  him, 
but  that  it  would  do  him  good.  His  voice 
was  a  trifle  husky  when  he  recalled  his  own 
Civil  War  days,  and  he  added  that  he  was 
proud  to  have  a  son  to  put  the  blankety-blank 
Germans  where  they  belonged.  And  the  new 
conscript  must  have  nothing  less  than  a  cap- 
tain's bars  when  he  came  home.  The  young 
man  rather  wished  he  had  gone  to  the  officers' 
camp,  but  it  didn't  make  much  difference,  he 
said.  He  shrugged  his  shoulders  and  smiled 
at  the  idea  of  being  a  private  in  the  army. 

Tony  went  home  and  informed  his  tearful 
mother  and  sister  of  the  news.  He  could  hardly 
wait  for  the  day  when  he  should  fight  for 
America.  He  brought  out  a  bank-book,  which 
showed  a  large  balance  and  insured  his  family 
from  want;  and  as  a  climax  to  his  enthusiasm 
he  went  to  a  shop  in  the  next  street  and  bought 
a  campaign  hat. 

Abie's  family  regarded  the  affair  in  various 
lights.     His  mother  was  rather  hysterical   at 


first,  and  the  children  began  to  cry.  He  con- 
soled them  by  picturing  himself  marching  down 
the  avenue  with  a  gun  on  his  shoulder.  His 
father  said  nothing  for  a  moment,  but  silently 
grasped  the  boy's  hand.  Abie  had  never  real- 
ized until  now  how  much  his  father  cared  for  him. 

Then  followed  weeks  of  waiting.  The  rich 
man  spent  the  summer  at  Newport,  as  was 
his  custom,  and,  at  times,  almost  forgot  that 
Uncle  Sam  had  tapped  him  on  the  shoulder. 
Occasionally,  his  friends  chaffed  him  good- 
naturedly,  and  the  young  officers  among  them 
predicted  a  toilsome  future  if  he  came  under 
their  dominion.  But  he  did  not  mind  this 
joking.  It  seemed  as  though  people  looked 
up  to  him  in  admiration  and  envy,  and  he  be- 
came more  and  more  contented  with  his  lot. 

Ton}?-  worked  steadily,  as  usual,  and  his 
customers,  upon  learning  that  he  was  soon  to 
leave  them,  showered  nickels  and  dimes  into 
his  pockets.  He  rented  a  small  cottage  in 
Brooklyn  for  his  mother  and  sister,  and  was 
doubly  happy  now  that  he  could  become  a 
soldier  and  yet  be  sure  that  his  family  was  pro- 


10 


Underwood  6"  Undenvnni.  New  York 


THE    DEPARTURE    OF   THE    DRAFT    MEN 


vided  for.  The  gratifying  total  of  his  savings 
proved  to  be  more  than  enough  for  them. 

Abie's  Hfe  was  the  same  as  in  ordinary  times. 
He  rather  looked  forward  to  the  day  when  he 
should  be  called,  as  a  break  in  the  monotony. 

Finally  the  great  day  arrived.  Notices  came 
to  the  three  men  to  be  ready  the  next  morning 
for  their  great  adventure.  They  were  to  be  at 
the  office  of  the  board  at  eight,  wearing  old 
clothes,  and  carrying  as  little  luggage  as  possible. 

The  evening  before  his  departure  Poindexter 
called  on  the  one  girl  in  the  world,  asked  a  few 
serious  questions,  and  returned  home,  gratified 
with  her  answers.  Tony  likewise  interviewed 
a  dark-eyed  Italian  girl  with  equal  success  and 
brought  her  home  with  him  to  receive  the 
family  blessing.  Abie  remained  with  his  fam- 
ily, and  was  the  cynosure  of  the  neighbors' 
admiration.  After  everyone  else  had  gone  to 
bed,  his  father  talked  with  him,  told  him  not 
to  waste  his  money,  and  ended  by  embracing 
him  and  presenting  him  with  a  gold-piece. 

At  eight  they  were  all  at  the  office.  Poin- 
dexter disdained  the  family  limousine,  and  an- 
nounced cheerfully  that  he  "guessed  he'd 
walk  with  the  boys." 


Then  followed  profuse  hand-shaking  on  the 
part  of  the  political  leaders  of  the  district,  and 
the  presentation  of  everything  from  cigars  to 
wrist- watches.  The  chairman  made  a  speech 
in  which  he  said  he  knew  that  his  boys  would 
uphold  the  honor  of  the  district  and  make  life 
a  misery  for  the  Germans,  that  if  they  ever 
wanted  anything  they  had  only  to  call  on  him, 
and  ended  with  an  impressive  volley  of  pa- 
triotic oratory.  Then  he  marched  his  proteges 
to  the  ferry.  The  niarine  band  played  The 
Star-Spangled  Banner,  and  the  column,  aug- 
mented by  men  from  other  districts,  marched 
on  to  the  boat. 

"Good-bye,  li'l  old  New  York,"  sang  some- 
one, as  the  ferry  left  the  pier. 

"We'll  bring  the  Kaiser  back  with  us,"  an- 
nounced another  cheerfully. 

Poindexter  sat  at  the  stem  of  the  boat,  dream- 
ily looking  back  at  Manhattan  Island. 

"A  soldier  of  Uncle  Sam,"  he  pondered  with 
a  half-smile.  "Well,  it  might  be  a  great  deal 
worse." 

A  half -hour  later  the  men  disembarked  at 
Long  Island  City,  had  their  pictures  taken, 
and  boarded  the  train  for  Camp  Upton. 


12 


Umlerivood  6*  Undcrwond.  Xrw  Vurk 


"ARE   WE    DOWN-HEARTED?     NO!" 


THE  TRIP  TO  CAMP 


"My  name's   Poindexter.     What's  yours?" 

"Mine's  Carlotta." 

"Mine's  Rabinovitz." 

At  last  these  three  men  have  come  together. 
Throughout  the  cars  other  men  are  similarly 
getting  acquainted.  Taxi-driver,  subway-guard, 
clerk,  barber,  plumber,  elevator-boy,  lawyer  — 
they  are  all  here.  Social  lines  are  no  more,  each 
man  is  making  friends  with  his  neighbor. 

"What's  this — a  ticket?"  Someone  points 
to  a  card  that  his  board  chairman  gave  him. 

"No,  that's  your  tag  —  so  they  can  tell  us 
apart  if  we  can't  speak  English ;  tells  who  you 
are  and  where  you're  from,  in  case  you  get 
lost." 

The  train  crawls  along,  stopping  now  and 
then  with  a  jerk.  Soon  the  air  is  blue  with 
smoke.  Packs  of  cards  appear  and  games  of 
pitch,  pinochle,  and  whist  are  soon  in  progress. 

"Where's  the  conductor?  Funny  he  doesn't 
collect  the  tickets,"  suggests  one  of  the  boys. 

"No  tickets  on  this  train,"  asserts  another. 
"Uncle  Sam's  special.  From  now  on,  all  our 
expenses  are  paid.    Pretty  soft,  I  calls  it." 


And  there  is  a  continuous  volley  of  questions : 
"What's  your  business?"  "Did  you  claim 
exemption?"  "Are  you  married?"  "Did  she 
kiss  you  good-bye  ? ' '  Groups  of  men  are  laugh- 
ing and  joking  like  old  friends. 

"Camp   Upton  —  all   out,   boys!" 

They  pile  onto  the  platform. 

"Get  in  line  there,"  cries  an  officer. 

They  form  in  a  column  and  march  to  the 
registration  booth.  After  they  have  received 
the  first  instructions  of  their  new  life,  they  go 
outside.  A  gray-haired  man  is  standing  nearby, 
and  as  the  boys  come  out,  he  shakes  hands  with 
them.  He  has  two  stars  on  each  shoulder,  and 
wears  a  multi-colored  service  stripe. 

"Who's  that?"  asks  Abie. 

"General  Bell,  "  whispers  the  next  in  line. 

"Hello,  General,"  says  Michael  O'Brien 
pleasantly. 

"Hello,  my  boy;  glad  to  see  you,"  answers 
the  general,  with  a  twinkle  in  his  eye 

He  is  "sizing  up"  his  men.  They  know 
nothing  of  military  etiquette,  but  — 

"Good  material,"  he  murmurs  complacently. 


14 


Underwood  if  Underwood,  New  York 


"GLAD   TO   SEE    YOU,    BOYS." 


THE  NEW  LIFE   BEGINS 


The  boys  were  assigned  to  the  various  units 
of  the  division  and  then  taken  to  their  new 
homes.  And  what  a  welcome  surprise  was 
awaiting  them !  Some  had  thought  they  should 
be  obliged  to  sleep  on  the  ground;  others  had 
the  idea  of  living  in  tents;  all  had  been  told 
wild  tales  about  the  imaginary  horrors  of  army 
life.  Now  they  realized  the  great  care  with 
which  Uncle  Sam  had  prepared. for  their  com- 
ing. Poindexter,  Carlotta,  and  Rabinovitz, 
now  good  friends,  were  allotted  adjacent  bunks 
in  the  huge  sleeping  quarters.  To  each  were 
given  a  straw  mattress,  two  blankets,  a  mess- 
tin,  containing  a  knife,  fork,  and  spoon,  and  a 
tin  cup.  The  rest  of  their  equipment  was  to 
follow  later,  but  they  received  these,  the  ne- 
cessities, at  once. 

There  were  no  drills  that  afternoon;  the 
men  signed  interminable  papers  which,  when 
complete,  gave  the  history  of  their  lives,  and 
were  instructed  in  the  rudiments  of  military 
discipline  by  a  sergeant  who  had  come  with  the 
first  draft  quota.  In  the  evening,  they  chatted 
with  their  bunk-mates,  and  then  went  to  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  to  write  letters  home.  None  was 
really  homesick;   there  was  too  much  going  on 


for  that.  Perhaps  a  few  were  a  trifle  lonely, 
but  they  were  soon  taken  to  one  side  and 
cheered  by  some  of  the  older  men.  Then  taps 
came,  and  soon  the  camp  was  asleep. 

At  first,  little  attention  was  paid  to  formal 
drill.  There  were  physical  examinations,  set- 
ting-up exercises,  allotments  of  uniforms,  and 
instruction  in  the  elements  of  military  routine. 

Often  the  men  were  taken  on  hikes  by  their 
officers  to  accustom  them  to  marching  con- 
ditions, and  to  get  them  in  good  physical  trim 
for  the  long  weeks  of  training  to  come.  This 
picture  shows  one  of  the  practice  marches 
which  took  place  before  the  draft  men  received 
their  uniforms.  It  is  a  most  informal  affair; 
the  men  can  talk  and  smoke,  and  the  officers 
encourage  them  to  sing.  Later  they  will  learn 
how  to  march  at  attention,  but  at  present 
"route  step"  serves  the  purpose. 

And  now  we  shall  leave  our  friends,  Poin- 
dexter, Carlotta,  and  Rabinovitz,  and  turn  to 
the  more  general  aspects  of  the  camp.  For 
these  three  men,  like  thousands  of  others,  are 
no  longer  individuals  with  different  social 
opportunities;  but  are  merely  good  Americans 
and  soldiers  of  Uncle  Sam. 


16 


Un:lriu'ii(id  i-"  Utfterwiiod,  New  York 


RUUTE    STEP 


"BEFORE  AND  AFTER  TAKING" 


The  Engineers  were  probably  the  first  draft 
men  at  Camp  Upton  to  have  actual  experience 
in  their  own  calling.  Although  the  first  men 
arrived  early  in  September,  the  camp  was  by 
no  means  completed.  Great  areas,  covered 
with  scrub-oak  and  an  occasional  tree,  had  to 
be  transformed  into  smooth  parade-grounds. 
It  was  necessary  not  only  to  remove  the  under- 
brush, but  also  to  level  the  terrain,  to  dig  up 
stumps  or  blast  them,  to  remove  earth  here, 
and  fill  up  hollows  there.  This  work  gave  the 
men  an  excellent  opportunity  to  put  into 
practice  the  theories  which  they  were  being 
taught. 

The  first  picture  gives  some  idea  of  Camp 
Upton  as  it  was  before  the  camp  was  built. 
The  brush  has  been  removed  to  a  large  extent, 
but  the  ground  is  still  uneven,  and  stumps  are 
protruding  everywhere.     Replace  in  your  mind 


the  trees  which  grew  there,  and  a  quantity  of 
dense  brush,  and  you  have  some  idea  of  the 
task  of  the  camp  contractors. 

The  second  picture  illustrates  the  most 
effective  means  of  removing  obstructions,  be 
they  stumps  at  Camp  Upton,  or  Germans  in 
France  —  by  dynamite. 

After  this  operation  has  been  performed  many 
times,  there  are  miniature  craters  and  embryo 
shell-holes  everywhere.  These  are  filled  up  by 
hand,  for  the  most  part,  and  then,  as  in  the 
third  picture,  the  steam  roller  is  called  upon  for 
the  finishing  touches. 

The  final  scene  is  of  the  finished  work  —  a 
vivid  tribute  to  the  engineers.  When  they 
started  their  work,  this  great  level  plain  was 
even  rougher  and  more  obstructed  than  the 
tract  shows  in  the  first  picture;  now  it  seems 
to  invite  a  game  of  football  or  tennis. 


18 


1.  Clearing  the  Ground 


2.  Dynamite! 


3.  The  Steam-Roller  to  the  RescukJ 


4.  Finished 


THE  INFANTRY 


The  infantry,    the  infantry,  with  the  dirt  behind 

their  ears, 
The  infantry,  the  infantry,  will  drink  a  thousand 

beers ; 
The  cavalry,  artillery,  and  the  gosh-damed  engineers 
They  could  never  lick  the  infantry   in  a  hundred 

thousand  years. 

Such  is  a  slightly  expurgated  version  of  the 
song  which  is  probably  the  best  known  and 
-most  frequently  rendered  of  any  of  the  mu- 
sical traditions  of  the  service.  And  that  song 
reflects  accurately  the  infantry's  opinion  of  it- 
self and  of  its  superiority  over  the  other  mili- 
tary branches.  We  should  observe  a  discreet 
neutrality  concerning  the  assertions  of  the 
song,  but,  nevertheless,  it  is  safe  to  say  that, 
in  point  of  numbers,  the  infantry  is  by  far  the 
largest  branch  of  the  service ;  it  is  also  the  most 
popular.  Its  members  are  those  who  will 
later  go  over  the  top,  engage  in  hand-to-hand 
combat  with  the  Teutons,  and,  beyond  a 
shadow  of  doubt,  be  among  the  first  to  enter 
the  hitherto  unpenetrated  precincts  of  the 
European  barbarian.      Formerly   the  infantry 


merely  had  to  know  how  to  shoot  and  drill, 
and  have  a  limited  knowledge  of  such  asso- 
ciated fields  as  signaling  and  bayonet-fighting. 
Now,  as  a  result  of  the  complete  change  in  the 
modes  of  fighting,  each  infantryman  must  not 
only  know  how  to  shoot,  drill,  and  signal,  but 
he  must  be  absolutely  proficient  in  bayonet 
work,  and  must  have  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
the  automatic  rifle,  the  machine-gun,  gas,  the 
grenade,  and  the  construction  of  trenches.  In 
other  words,  his  duties  have  been  doubled  or 
trebled. 

There  are,  at  Camp  Upton,  five  regiments  of 
infantry :  the  305th,  306th,  307th,  308th,  and  the 
367th  (colored)  regiment.  Each  unit  comprises, 
at  full  strength,  approximately  three  thousand 
men.  This  picture  shows  the  barracks  of  the 
four  white  infantry  regiments.  Their  cam- 
manding  officers  are:  305th,  Colonel  W.  R. 
Smedberg;  306th,  Colonel  George  Vidmer; 
307th,  Colonel  Isaac  Erwin;  and  308th,  Colonel 
Nathan  K.  Averill.  This  section  is  at  the  south- 
eastern comer  of  the  cantonment. 


20 


INFANTRY   ROW 


THE  DIVISIONAL  HEADQUARTERS 


General  Bell,  according  to  tradition,  has  had 
his  headquarters  on  a  hill  at  every  post  which 
he  has  commanded.  When  Yaphank  was 
selected,  there  was  apparently  no  hill  on  the 
entire  tract.  The  headquarters  was  to  be  in 
the  center  of  the  camp.  One  day,  the  workmen 
who  were  clearing  the  brush  discovered  a  slight 
hill  at  the  spot  on  the  map  marked  "head- 
quarters." Accordingly,  when  General  Bell 
took  command,  he  found  his  headquarters  on 
the  usual  hill. 

The  headquarters  of  the  77th  Division  is  the 
switchboard  of  the  cantonment  to  which  all 
reports  come,  and  from  which  all  orders  go.  It 
contains  the  offices  of  the  commanding  general 
and  his  staff,  and  the  headquarters  of  the 
principal  administrative  departments  of  the 
division.     Orders  from  the  War   Department 

The  administrative  oflficers  at  Camp  Upton,  those  who 
"make  the  wheels  go  round,"  are: 

Major-General  J.  FrankHn  Bell,  Division  Commander; 
Lieutenant-Colonel  E.  E.  Booth,  Chief  of- Staff;  Major  Cres- 
well  Garlington,  Assistant  Chief  of  Staff;  Major  W.  N.  Has- 
kell, Division  Adjutant;  Major  Lloyd  C.  Griscom,  Assistant 
Division  Adjutant;  Lieutenant-Colonel  J.  R.  R.  Hannay, 
Division  Quartermaster;  Major  V.  W.  Cooper,  Division  In- 
spector;   Major  S.   H.   Wilson,   Division    Judge  Advocate: 


arrive  there,  and  are  distributed  to  the  com- 
manding officers  of  the  units.  Similarly,  all 
reports  and  records  are  assembled  there  and 
forwarded  to  Washington. 

The  offices  are  divided  among  several  build- 
ings, nearly  all  of  which  are  one  story  in  height. 
A  lookout  tower,  as  seen  in  the  picture,  stands 
in  front,  and  on  the  long  staff  the  Stars  and 
Stripes  wave  during  the  day,  in  the  sight  of  the 
entire  camp.  A  soldier  is  continually  stationed 
in  the  tower  to  report  any  fires  which  he  may 
see.  In  order  to  hold  the  road  in  place,  a 
support  of  logs  was  built  by  the  engineers  at 
the  brow  of  the  hill.  The  "sunset  gun,"  a 
small  cannon,  overlooks  the  slope.  These  two 
features  give  the  headquarters  the  appearance 
of  an  old-fashioned  fort,  with  its  log  barricade 
and  threatening  cannon. 

Major  T.  F.  McNeil,  Division  Ordnance  Officer;  Colonel  C. 
O.  Sherrill,  Division  Engineer  Officer;  Major  J.  A.  Brockman, 
Division  Signal  Officer;  Lieutenant-Colonel  Charles  R.  Rey- 
nolds, Division  Surgeon ;  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  H.  Snapp, 
Division  Dental  Surgeon;  Major  A.  W.  Schoenleber,  Division 
Sanitary  Officer;  Captain  C.  A.  Perry,  Division  Post  Ex- 
change Officer;  Captain  F.  W.  Perry,  Divisional  Personnel 
Officer;  and  five  French  and  five  British  officers,  who  have 
been  assigned  to  Camp  Upton  to  instruct  the  draft  men  in 
the  latest  methods  of  warfare. 


22 


THE    DIVISIONAL    HEADQUARTERS 


THE  Y.  M.  C.  A. 


The  army  Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  an  essential  organ- 
ization at  a  military  cantonment.  Everj^one 
has  heard  of  the  Red  Triangle  workers,  but  few, 
outside  of  military  circles,  actually  understand 
the  important  and  admirable  work  which  they 
are  doing.  Imagine  a  soldier  who  has  nowhere 
to  go  except  his  barracks  and  post-exchange  — 
a  soldier  without  books,  without  magazines, 
without  writing  facilities,  without  entertain- 
ment. Happily  that  picture  belongs  to  the 
past;  now,  thanks  to  the  organization  which 
has  supplied  all  those  needs  and  comforts,  it  is 
only  a  memory. 

As  soon  as  the  sites  for  the  camps  were  de- 
cided upon,  the  Association  made  plans  fully 
to  care  for  each  one.  At  Camp  Upton  eight 
"huts"  were  erected  in  convenient  sections  of 
the  cantonment,  also  an  auditorium  to  accom- 
modate 3,200  men,  and  a  headquarters  building 
in  the  center  of  the  camp. 

All  these  huts  are  similar  in  style  and  con- 
struction. At  one  end  is  the  stage,  with  rows 
of  benches  in  front  for  the  audience.  At  the 
other  end  is  the  desk,  where  attendants  are 
ready  to  provide  stamps,  writing  materials  and 
pamphlets,  and  to  give  information  on  every 


conceivable  subject.  Along  the  sides  of  the 
big  room  are  the  writing  benches,  over  which 
hang  suggestive  placards  which  urge  the  boys 
not  to  forget  the  folks  at  home.  Then  there  are 
book-cases,  filled  with  every  kind  of  literature 
—  war  books  by  the  score,  novels,  histories, 
books  of  travel  —  in  fact,  everything  which  a 
"live  man"  might  wish  to  read. 

Movies  are  shown  frequently,  and  there  is 
some  kind  of  an  entertainment  every  night  in 
the  week.  One  evening,  a  boxing  match  is 
scheduled;  on  the  next,  movies;  on  the  next, 
a  "show,"  given  by  the  local  talent  of  one  of 
the  companies  —  and  so  on.  The  only  day  in 
the  week  when  religious  activities  take  place  is 
Sunday.  Prominent  men  are  invited  to  give  a 
"man's  talk"  to  the  audience;  there  are  also 
morning  services. 

Often  the  Association  invites  talent  from 
the  New  York  stage  to  come  to  the  audito- 
rium; such  performances  are  the  big  "social 
events"  of  Camp  Upton.  In  every  way,  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  a  success,  and  a  blessing  to 
these  soldiers  of  ours.  If  you  wish  to  assure 
yourself  on  this  point,  you  have  only  to  ask 
any  soldier. 


24 


THE    Y   ADMINISTRATION    BUILDING   AND   AUDITORIUM 


THE   KNIGHTS  OF  COLUMBUS 


The  Knights  of  Columbus  are  doing  excellent 
work  at  the  camps.  The  purpose  of  this  organ- 
ization is  the  same  as  that  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
—  to  m^ke  the  American  soldier  happy.  Many 
people  have  the  erroneous  belief  that  these 
huts  are  for  Catholics  or  K.  of  C.  members 
only,  but  that  is  by  no  means  the  case.  They 
were  built  for  our  soldiers,  regardless  of  creed. 
Further  to  emphasize  the  purpose  of  the  or- 
ganization, the  workers  have  placed  huge  signs 
over  the  buildings,  marked:  EVERYBODY 
WELCOME. 

Each  hut  contains  a  large  library,  a  desk 
with  an  attendant  in  charge,  writing  benches, 
a  piano,  and  a  stage  for  entertainments.  One 
feature  of  this  work  is  the  prominence  of  ath- 
letics on  the  calendar  of  events.  The  huts  can 
be  transformed  into  gymnasia,  or  drill-halls, 
at  a  moment's  notice.     An  inter-company  and 


inter-regiment  basket-ball  league  has  been 
formed,  and  there  are  frequent  games  in  the 
race  for  the  championship. 

"What  we  are  trying  to  do,"  the  director 
informed  me,  "is  to  provide  a  cozy  place  where 
the  men  may  come  and  make  themselves  at 
home.  There  is  no  formality.  One  may  come 
and  go  as  he  pleases,  and  he  will  never  be  ap- 
proached concerning  his  religious  or  personal 
affairs.  If  he  comes  to  us,  we  give  him  the  best 
advice  we  can.  We  are  here  to  make  the  boys 
happy;    that's  all." 

This  statement  illustrates  the  spirit  of  the 
K.  of  C.  workers;  their  kindly  friendship  with 
the  boys  is  largely  responsible  for  their  un- 
qualified success.  There  are  three  K.  of  C. 
huts  at  Camp  Upton,  and  ten  workers  from 
the  New  York  Councils.  The  director  is  John 
D.  Flynn,  of  Brooklyn. 


26 


Underwood  dr  Underwuo,!.  A  c.   1'"/. 


THE    KNIGHTS    OF    COLUMBUS 


THE  HOSTESS  HOUSE 


Formerly  the  problem  of  entertaining  fem- 
inine visitors  at  Camp  Upton  was  decidedly  com- 
plex. The  wives,  relatives,  or  sweethearts  of  the 
soldiers  were  forced  to  walk  around  the  camp 
until  the  men  were  off  duty.  And  after  they 
had  found  them,  there  was  no  suitable  place 
to  go.  Accordingly,  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  established 
four  Hostess  Houses  in  different  parts  of  the 
camp ;  three  for  white  women,  the  other  for  the 
friends  of  the  negro  troops. 

A  soldier  is  in  danger  of  relinquishing  the 
finer  qualities  of  his  nature,  those  which  come 
from  life  at  home  and  the  companionship  of 
women.  The  Hostess  Houses  are  doing  their 
best  to  preserve  these  qualities.  The  atmos- 
phere is  extremely  homelike;  it  is  a  striking 
fact  that  every  man  instinctively  removes  his 
hat  upon  entering  them  —  a  custom  otherwise 
practically  unlcnown  in  the  army. 

When  women  come  to  Camp  Upton  to-day, 
they  are  met  at  the  train  by  a  social  secretary, 
and  escorted  to  one  of  the  Hostess  Houses. 


The  soldiers  whom  they  wish  to  see  are  called 
by  messenger  or  telephone,  and  they  come  to 
the  house  as  soon  as  their  duties  permit. 
Meanwhile,  the  visitors  wait  in  the  comfort- 
able house,  read  the  books  and  magazines, 
play  the  graphophone  or  piano,  or  write  letters. 
And  when  the  soldiers  arrive,  they  have  a 
comfortable  place  in  which  to  entertain  their 
visitors. 

There  is  a  ladies'  waiting-room,  a  nursery 
with  an  attendant  in  charge,  and  a  cafeteria, 
in  each  building.  Needless  to  say,  these  houses 
are  filled  over  the  week-ends,  and  throughout 
the  week  there  is  a  steady  flow  of  visitors. 

The  men  are  allowed  to  come  to  the  Hostess 
Houses  at  any  time,  whether  they  have  visitors 
or  not,  and  enjoy  their  privileges.  The  advan- 
tages of  this  plan,  and  the  excellent  work  of 
the  women  in  charge,  are  incalculable.  Some 
attendants  remain  at  the  houses  peiTnanently ; 
other  come  voluntarily  for  short  periods  from 
Greater  New  York. 


28 


HOSTESS   HOUSE 


ACKER,  MERRALL  AND  CONDIT'S 


No  story  of  Camp  Upton  would  be  complete 
without  an  account  of  the  Acker-Merrall- 
Condit  casino,  or  "  Acker- Merrall's,"  as  it  is 
familiarly  called  —  the  department  store  of  the 
cantonment.  When  the  camp  was  being  con- 
structed, this  New  York  firm  obtained  per- 
mission from  the  military  authorities  to  erect, 
in  the  center  of  the  camp,  the  large  building 
shown  in  the  picture.  Although  conducted  by 
a  private  concern,  everything  is  under  the 
supervision  of  the  government. 

At  the  right  end  of  the  building  is  the  res- 
taurant and  lunch-counter,  where  the  soldier 
can  obtain  all  kinds  of  food  at  moderate  rates. 
The  center  of  the  building  is  used  for  a  grill, 
which  serves  better  food,  with  correspondingly 
higher  prices.  The  officers  come  to  the  grill 
for  a  "hotel  meal,"  or  to  dine  with  their  visit- 
ing friends.  The  waiters,  attired  in  dress 
clothes,  complete  its  similarity  to  a  metro- 
politan grill.    Often  the  soldiers  drop  in  for  tea. 


and  the  nurses  also  come  there  from  the  base 
hospital  for  an  occasional  meal.  The  great 
feature  of  this  restaurant  is  its  metropolitan 
character;  the  soldier  comes  here  and  is,  for 
the  moment,  in  the  city  again,  and  is  enabled 
to  forget  that  he  is  actually  in  a  military  can- 
tonment. 

There  is  a  huge  store  at  the  left  end  of  the 
building,  where  one  can  buy  every  conceivable 
variety  of  merchandise,  from  a  fifty-cent  cigar 
or  a  can  of  tomato  soup  to  a  barrel  of  flour. 

On  the  second  floor  of  the  building  is  the 
"hotel,"  comprising  fourteen  double  rooms. 
The  visitor  cannot  remain  at  this  hotel  in- 
definitely; his  stay  is  limited  to  forty-eight 
hours,  unless  he  can  obtain  an  extension  from 
headquarters. 

A  restaurant  is  not  a  rare  thing  at  an  army 
camp;  but  a  combined  restaurant,  grill,  store, 
and  hotel,  all  under  civilian  management,  is  a 
welcome  novelty. 


30 


^ 


Mtr. 


ACKER-MERRALL  'S 


THE  FIRE  DEPARTMENT 


As  Camp  Upton  is  composed  entirely  of 
wooden  buildings,  there  is  great  danger  of  fire, 
and  even  of  the  complete  destruction  of  the  camp 
by  a  conflagration.  Accordingly,  the  authori- 
ties made  provision  for  a  fire  department  and 
erected  several  fire-stations.  A  number  of 
fire-trucks,  similar  to  that  in  the  picture, 
completely  equipped  with  the  necessary  ap- 
purtenances, were  supplied  by  the  Quarter- 
master Corps.  When  the  draft  men  arrived, 
those  who  had  previously  been  New  York  fire- 
men were  assigned  to  the  department.  A  bat- 
talion chief,  loaned  by  the  city  of  New  York, 
was  commissioned  and  made  fire-chief.  There 
are  now  fortj^-four  members  of  the  depai'tment, 
all  ex-firemen  from  New  York;  these  men  form 
three  double  companies,  which  are  equipped 
with  six  machines  of  different  types. 

The  cantonment  has  been  divided  into  sec- 
tions; a  certain  district  is  protected  by  each 
company.    As  in  the  city,  there  are  numbered 


fire  boxes,  and  an  alarm  whistle  which  can  be 
heard  throughout  the  cantonment.  In  case  of 
a  small  blaze  the  apparatus  of  only  one  station 
is  called  but  for  a  general  alarm  the  entire 
force  comes  to  the  rescue.  As  yet  there  have 
been  no  serious  disasters  from  fire  at  Camp 
Upton,  but  on  several  occasions  the  efficiency 
of  the  department  alone  has  prevented  catas- 
trophes. 

The  safety  of  the  cantonment  is  not  en- 
tirely in  the  hands  of  the  department.  In  case 
of  fire  the  companies  in  barracks  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  blaze  are  called  out  and  pressed  into 
service.  Hence  every  man  in  camp  is,  in  a  way, 
a  reserve  fireman.  The  fire-chief  has  drawn 
up  a  set  of  drastic  regulations,  particularly 
adapted  to  the  conditions  at  camp.  There  are 
hydrants  at  frequent  intervals,  and,  in  case  of 
fire,  all  connections  in  the  buildings  are  turned 
off  to  increase  their  pressure. 


32 


READY   FOR   THE   ALARM 


BUILDINGS  AND  MULES 


1.  The  post  exchange  is  the  mihtary  depart- 
ment-store, where  the  soldier  can  purchase 
every  luxury  or  necessity  which  he  desires, 
providing,  of  course,  that  the  authorities  think 
he  should  have  them.  He  can  buy  tobacco, 
cigarettes,  cigars,  toilet  articles,  post-cards, 
washboards,  boots,  coffee,  writing  paper,  "hot- 
dogs,"  and  hundreds  of  other  articles  of  small 
merchandise.  The  exchange  is  supervised  by  a 
commissioned  officer,  who  has  been  appointed 
for  that  purpose  and  is  the  purchasing-agent, 
board  of  directors,  and  general  "boss"  of  the 
establishment.  The  exchange  of  this  type  is  a 
regimental  affair,  and  its  profits  are  divided 
among  the  companies  which  support  it,  whence 
they  revert  to  the  company  funds. 

2.  There  is  no  animal  more  vicious,  more 
stubborn,  yet  more  necessary  to  transportation, 
than  the  army  mule.  Once  in  the  harness,  he 
has  no  equal  for  traversing  apparently  track- 
less wilderness,  or  carrying  enormous  loads 
over  rough  paths.  But  when  he  is  let  loose,  no 
power  of  man  can  compel  him  to  do  anything 
against  his  will.  This  anomalous  character 
has  been  superseded,  to  some  extent,  by  the 
more  speedy  motor- truck ;  on  rough  roads, 
where  the  truck  cannot  operate,  the  mule  is 


used  to  advantage.  And  here  we  have  a  team 
of  them ;  at  present  they  appear  to  be  as  docile 
as  lambs,  but  this  seeming  indifference  of 
everything  and  everybody  is  merely  an  ingen- 
ious form  of  animal  "camouflage,"  the  purpose 
of  which  is  to  lure  the  innocent  victim  within 
range  of  their  effective  hind  feet. 

3.  The  officers  live  in  long  one-story  buildings 
like  that  in  the  picture;  these  are  usually  lined 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  road  from  the 
barracks  of  their  organization.  Captains  and 
majors  have  separate  rooms,  about  eight  feet 
square;  the  lieutenants  bunk  two  in  a  some- 
what larger  room.  At  one  end  of  the  building 
is  the  mess-hall  and  kitchen,  in  charge  of 
enlisted  men  who  have  been  detailed  from 
their  companies.  The  officers  mess  together, 
and  are  required  to  pay  for  their  food  at  the 
usual  rate  of  thirty  dollars  a  month.  Their 
quarters  are  kept  in  order  by  details  from  their 
units. 

4.  In  the  field  the  soldier  ordinarily  does  his 
own  washing,  but  at  Camp  Upton  the  prospect 
of  40,000  men  washing  their  clothes  was  not 
favorably  regarded.  Accordingly,  this  laundry, 
one  of  the  largest  in  the  world,  was  erected  at 
the  camp. 


34 


^^-- 


I.  The  Post-Exchange 


2.  Army  Mules 


3.  Officers'  Quarters 


4.  The  Camp  Laundry 


SLEEPING-QUARTERS 


The  boys  at  Upton  eat,  sleep,  and  live  in  one 
large  building.  On  the  first  floor,  the  kitchen, 
the  mess-hall,  the  orderly-room,  and  the  rec- 
reation hall  are  situated.  The  second  floor  is 
devoted  to  sleeping  quarters,  and  is  filled  with 
bunks,  some  three  feet  apart.  The  sleeping 
equipment  consists  of  an  iron  cot  with  a  spring, 
a  mattress  stuffed  with  straw,  and  as  many 
blankets  as  the  weather  conditions  require. 
No  pillows  are  provided  by  the  government, 
but  men  can  buy  them,  and  comforters,  also, 
if  they  desire.  The  overcoats  are  hung  on 
pegs  in  the  walls;  all  uniforms  and  equipment 
are  neatly  arranged  under  the  bed.  Cleanliness 
is  the  watchword.  During  the  night  the  win- 
dows are  opened  six  inches,  by  order  of  the 
sanitary  officer.  The  regulations  require  that 
each  morning  the  blankets  be  rolled  and  placed 
at  the  foot  of  the  bed;  then  the  windows  are 
opened  for  an  hour  or  two  to  air  the  quarters 


thoroughly.  There  is  a  daily  inspection  by  one 
of  the  officers  and  any  man  whose  personal 
belongings  are  not  neatly  arranged,  or  whose 
bed  is  not  properly  "made,"  receives  extra 
fatigue  duty. 

Each  Saturday  there  is  a  formal  inspection 
of  quarters  and  equipment.  The  men  arrange 
their  belongings  on  the  cots  in  a  specified 
manner,  and  then  stand  beside  their  cots.  The 
company  officers  check  up  the  equipment  and 
make  note  of  its  condition.  By  this  means 
they  are  enabled  to  discover  deficiencies  and  also 
to  assure  themselves  that  the  soldiers  are  keep- 
ing their  equipment  in  the  best  of  condition. 

The  boys  in  this  picture  belong  to  Company 
K,  307th  Infantry.  An  inspection  of  quarters 
has  just  taken  place,  and  the  lieutenant  is 
giving  an  informal  talk  to  his  men,  who  are 
grouped  around  their  cots. 


36 


A   CLASS   IN    BARRACKS 


THE    MESS-HALL 


Soupy,  soupy,  soupy, 

Without  a  single  bean 
Porky,  porky,  porky. 

Without  a  streak  of  lean; 
Coffee,  coffee,  coffee. 

The  weakest  ever  seen. 

Needless  to  say,  no  roll-call  precedes  mess; 
as  soon  as  the  bugle  blows  this  tune,  every  man 
is  on  hand  with  his  mess-can  and  tin  cup. 

The  mess-hall  and  kitchen  are  on  the  ground 
floor  of  the  barracks  and  are  separated  only 
by  the  sideboard  on  which  the  food  is  placed. 
There  are  long  wooden  benches  in  the  hall, 
as  seen  in  this  picture.  The  cooks  at  Camp 
Upton  are  draft  men  who  have  had  previous 
experience  in  the  culinary  art.  They  are 
selected  carefully,  two  to  a  company,  as  Uncle 
Sam  is  very  particular  about  the  food  served 
to  his  proteges.  By  rank,  they  are  privates, 
who  have  been  appointed  cooks  by  the  com- 
pany commander,  but  as  soon  as  they  receive 
these  appointments,  they  acquire  an  unofficial 
rank  equaling  that  of  a  general.  In  other 
words,  His  Majesty,  the  Cook,  is  supreme,  and 
his  domain,  the  kitchen,  is  inviolable.     He  is 


assisted  by  men  detailed  from  the  company, 
called  "kitchen  police."  These  waiters  and 
helpers  are  relieved  from  military  duty  and 
are  subject  to  his  orders.  They  get  up  in  the 
morning  before  the  rest  of  the  company,  bring 
in  the  wood,  and  start  the  fires.  Before  each 
meal  they  place  the  food  on  the  table,  and  while 
the  men  are  eating,  they  replenish,  from  time 
to  time,  the  fast  disappearing  supplies.  After 
mess,  they  wash  the  dishes,  mop  the  floors, 
clean  the  tables,  and  assist  in  preparing  the 
next  meal. 

This  mess-hall  belongs  to  Company  K,  307th 
Infantry,  and  is  undoubtedly  one  of  the  most 
attractive  at  Camp  Upton.  Not  being  satisfied 
with  the  ordinary  rough  interior  of  their  dining- 
hall,  the  artists  of  the  company  have  painted 
shields,  emblems,  and  mottoes,  and  hung  flags, 
to  whet  the  appetites  of  their  comrades.  It  is 
ten  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  the  kitchen- 
police,  who  are  standing  by  the  sideboard,  are 
getting  the  hall  ready  for  dinner.  The  floors 
are  spotless,  and  the  tables  are  shiny  from 
scrubbing.  The  large  boiler  in  which  the  cofTee 
is  made,  and  various  cooking  utensils,  can  be 
seen  in  the  kitchen. 


38 


A   TYPICAL   MESS-HALL 


CAMP  ATHLETICS 


The  more  vigorous  forms  of  athletics  have 
always  been  popular  in  the  army,  and  since  they 
are  conducive  to  physical  perfection,  they  are 
always  encouraged  by  the  authorities.  Foot- 
ball, wrestling,  and,  particularly,  boxing,  are 
the  favorites.  Since  the  birth  of  the  draft 
army,  the  authorities  have  not  only  sanctioned 
such  sports,  but  have  sent  to  the  cantonments 
professional  athletes  to  teach  the  men  the  finer 
points  of  the  games.  Not  only  is  boxing  an 
excellent  form  of  exercise,  but  it  is  also  an  aid 
to  bayonet  practice ;  it  teaches  agility  of  mind, 
disregard  for  personal  injury,  and  other  ele- 
ments associated  with  successful  bayonet  fight- 
ing. Then  there  is  wrestling,  and  jiu-jitsu,  the 
perfection  of  both  of  which  might  prove  in- 
calculable aids  in  hand-to-hand  combat. 

A  Japanese  named  Haneishi,  assistant  to 
Allan  C.  Smith,  physical  instructor  at  Camp 
Upton,  is  teaching  the  draft  men  the  fine  points 
of  jiu-jitsu.  He  throws  them  in  the  air  in  an 
astounding  manner,  and  then  tells  them  how 


he  did  it ;  no  "  strong  man ' '  or  wrestler  has  been 
able  to  overcome  him. 

The  boxing  instructor  who  has  been  assigned 
to  the  camp  by  the  War  Department  is  Benny 
Leonard,  the  well-known  fighter,  who,  assisted 
by  men  skilled  in  boxing,  gives  frequent  exhi- 
bitions at  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  Knights  of 
Columbus  huts.  There  are  sparring  exhibitions, 
in  which  would-be  champions  are  his  oppo- 
nents, and  demonstrations  of  attack  and  de- 
fense in  which  the  principles  of  bayonet  fight- 
ing are  involved. 

The  Y.  M.C.A.  and  K.  of  C.  often  have 
matches  on  their  entertainment  programmes. 
Fighters  from  different  companies  or  regiments 
contend  for  the  honors.  These  matches  are 
intensely  popular,  and  the  halls  are  always 
packed.  Sometimes  the  boys  borrow  the 
gloves  and  have  impromptu  engagements  on 
the  drill-field,  as  in  the  picture.  These,  too, 
never  fail  to  attract  enthusiastic  spect9,tors. 


40 


Underwood  i-  Underwood.  Xew  York 


AN    IMPROMPTU   BOXING-MATCH 


THE  MASCOT  ARMY 


An  army  without  mascots  would  be  as  great 
a  novelty  as  an  army  without  rifles.  No  matter 
where  American  soldiers  go,  they  are  always 
accompanied  by  their  animal  friends,  or,  if 
orders  forbid  transportation  of  these,  they 
acquire  others  immediately  upon  arriving  at  the 
new  posts.  The  custom  is  only  natural,  for 
man  is  a  lover  of  animals;  it  is  even  more 
characteristic  because  of  the  soldier's  compara- 
tive loneliness  and  isolation  from  the  outside 
world. 

The  species  of  mascot  adopted  depends,  to 
some  extent,  upon  the  nature  of  the  country 
in  which  the  troops  are  quartered.  For  in- 
stance, the  soldiers  who  took  part  in  the  dem- 
onstration on  the  Mexican  border  accumu- 
lated an  extraordinary  collection  of  lizards, 
homed  toads,  Mexican  hairless  dogs,  and  Chi- 
huahua puppies.  On  their  way  to  Texas,  they 
bought,  begged,  or  borrowed  representatives 
of  the  animal  life  of  the  country  through  which 
they  passed  —  innumerable  dogs,  and  an  oc- 
casional goat,  pig,  burro  or  lamb. 


Although  goats  are  the  traditional  mascots 
of  the  army,  they  are  greatly  outnumbered  by 
dogs.  Upon  a  visit  to  an  army  cantonment, 
one  encounters  bulldogs  by  the  score,  poodles, 
St.  Bernards,  terriers,  and  many  dogs  of 
doubtful  ancestry.  The  love  of  the  American 
soldiers  for  their  pets,  and  the  pride  which  they 
take  in  them,  is  truly  remarkable.  Of  course,  a 
fighting  dog,  whose  prowess  is  easily  demon- 
strated, is  the  idol  of  the  company.  There  are 
often  embryo  vendettas,  caused  by  disagree- 
ments between  companies  about  the  merits  of 
their  mascots,  and  sometimes  these  alterca- 
tions are  settled  by  open  combat  between  the 
animals.  One  of  the  most  unusual  mascots 
of  Camp  Upton  is  the  cinnamon  bear  whose 
picture  is  on  the  opposite  page.  He  is  probably 
the  best  known  of  the  Yaphank  mascot  army, 
and  is  the  pride  of  Company  K,  307th  Infantry. 
There  is  only  one  animal  which  the  boys  at 
Upton  desire  to  complete  their  menagerie  — 
that  genus  rarum,  a  thoroughly  civilized  and 
domesticated  German. 


42 


"KAY"  — THE   MASCOT 


CHANGING  THE  GUARD 


The  duties  of  guards  in  the  cantonment  are 
to  preserve  order,  to  enforce  the  regulations, 
and  to  protect  property.  Owing  to  the  ab- 
sence of  disorder  at  Upton,  guards  are  not  so 
common  as  in  other  camps,  but,  nevertheless, 
one  sees  them  occasionally.  Each  day  a  dif- 
ferent set  of  men  goes  on  guard.  For  interior 
guard  duty  a  company  is  usually  detailed  from 
each  regiment.  There  are  twenty-four  hours 
of  duty;  the  sentinel  is  on  duty  two  hours  in 
every  six;  during  the  other  four  he  remains  at 
the  guard-house,  subject  to  call.  There  is  a 
commander  of  the  guard  —  either  an  officer  or 
a  sergeant  —  and  the  well-known  ' '  corporal  of 
the  guard,"  who  is  on  active  duty  while  the 
men  under  his  control  are  on  post.  "\^Tien  one 
two-hour  period  is  over,  a  new  set  of  men  goes 
on  guard.  The  corporal  of  the  guard,  the 
corporal  of  the  relief,  and  the  "relief,"  as  they 
are  called,  make  a  round  of  the  posts.  At  the 
first  post  Jones  remains,  while  Smith  falls  in 
with  the  column.    At  the  next  post  Black  is  re- 


lieved by  White  —  and  so  on,  until  a  new  man 
has  been  left  at  each  post.  When  this  column 
arrives  at  the  guard-house,  it  will  be  composed 
of  those  men  who  were  on  guard  the  last  two 
hours;  those  who  started  out  are  now  scattered 
at  their  posts. 

This  picture  illustrates  the  relief  of  the  guard. 
In  the  quadrangular  group,  the  man  on  the  left 
is  the  old  guard  at  Post  Number  3;  he  has 
been  on  duty  for  two  hours.  Facing  him  is  the 
relief  who  will  take  the  post  for  the  next  two 
hours.  The  old  guard  is  explaining  the  limits 
of  the  post,  and  communicating  the  orders 
which  have  been  given  him.  The  man  with 
his  back  towards  us  is  the  corporal  of  the  old 
guard;  facing  him  is  the  corporal  of  the  relief. 
The  men  in  column  are  partly  of  the  old  guard 
and  partly  of  the  relief.  When  the  column 
moves  on,  the  relief  will  begin  to  walk  his  post, 
and  the  man  who  has  been  relieved  will  fall  in 
at  the  rear  and  return  to  the  guard-house. 


44 


GUARD   RELIEF 


BOMBS,  MULES,  AND  SETTING-UP  DRILL 


1.  Before  the  soldiers  whose  company  is 
blessed  with  pack-mules  attempt  to  practise 
on  the  animals,  they  receive  instruction  with 
wooden  models,  as  the  operation  can  be  per- 
formed equally  well  with  these  substitutes,  and 
without  the  danger  which  the  novice  encounters 
with  the  live  animal.  When  a  mule  has  to  be 
packed,  a  blinder  is  put  over  his  eyes,  and  he 
is  held  by  one  man.  Two  others  lift  the  pack- 
harness  over  his  flank,  and  place  it  on  his  back. 
Then  the  straps  are  tightened  up,  and  the  packs 
are  placed  on  the  equipment.  This  procedure 
sounds  simple,  but  on  account  of  the  disposition 
of  the  mule,  it  is  second  only  to  aviation  as  a 
thrill-producer.  Hence,  the  life-saving  plan  of 
using  dummies  for  practice  is  an  evidence  of 
great  wisdom  and  forethought  on  the  part  of 
the  authorities. 

2.  The  necessity  for  setting-up  exercises  in 
the  army  has  resulted  in  the  "Manual  of 
Physical  Training,"  prepared  by  Dr.  Koehler, 
the  West  Point  physical  instructor.  This  little 
volimie  contains  hundreds  of  exercises,  the  aim 
of  each  of  which  is  the  development  of  some 
part  of  the  body;  a  thorough  combination  of 
them  is  a  sure  way  of  attaining  physical  per- 


fection. These  exercises  usually  take  place 
after  reveille  in  the  morning,  directly  before 
mess.  An  instructor,  usually  a  sergeant, 
stands  before  the  company,  executes  the  move- 
ments, and  leads  the  company.  This  group, 
from  the  headquarters  train,  is  having  a  short 
drill ;  it  is  ten  below  zero,  and  they  welcome  the 
exercise  as  a  means  of  keeping  warm. 

3  and  4.  Although  the  bomb,  or  grenade,  is 
not  a  new  element  of  warfare,  it  has  never  be- 
fore been  so  important  as  in  the  fighting  of  the 
Western  Front.  Every  infantryman  must  be 
familiar  with  the  uses  of  the  grenade,  and  know 
how  to  throw  it  properly.  The  dangerous 
missile  is  made  of  cast  iron,  and  is  about  the 
size  and  shape  of  a  lemon.  The  outside  of  the 
casing  is  corrugated,  so  that  when  it  explodes, 
it  bursts  into  some  fifty  pieces,  which  are  effec- 
tive at  a  hundred  yards.  There  is  a  tendency 
among  Americans  to  throw  the  grenade  like  a 
baseball;  the  men  are  taught  to  hurl  it  with 
a  circular,  overhead  motion,  by  swinging  the 
arm  as  the  bowler  does  in  the  English  game  of 
cricket.  No  3.  shows  a  sergeant  instructing 
one  of  his  men.  No.  4  is  a  group  behind  a 
sand-bag  parapet,  likewise  practising  the  throw- 
ing of  the  grenade. 


46 


1.  Packing  the  "Mule" 


2.  Setting-up  Drill 


3.  "Let  'er  go!" 


4.  Grenade  Practice 


THREE  CAMP  DIGNITARIES 


1.  From  the  "I  can't  get  'em  up"  of  reveille 
to  the  mournful  notes  of  "taps,"  the  events  of 
the  soldier's  day  are  controlled  by  the  bugler. 
In  the  darkness  of  early  morning,  when  the 
barracks  are  silent  and  unilluminated,  when 
no  one  is  awake  except  the  busy  cooks  and  the 
sentries,  the  bugler  comes  from  his  quarters 
and  announces  that  the  day  has  begun.  Lights 
flash  everywhere  and  there  come  from  every 
hand  the  voices  of  indignant  sleepers.  Boots  hit 
the  floor  with  a  thud,  and  after  some  minutes, 
rifxC-butts  scrape  along  the  hall.  The  whistle 
blows  in  the  company  parade-ground,  and  the 
men  rush  to  their  places  in  line.  Half  an  hour 
later  the  bugler  announces  mess  with  the 
welcome  "Soupy-soupy-soupy,"  and  there  is 
a  dash  for  breakfast.  Throughout  the  day 
every  formation  or  announcement  is  preceded 
by  a  bugle-call  —  sick-call,  mess-call,  first 
sergeant's  call,  drill-call,  and  many  others. 
At  ten  o'clock,  taps  rings  drowsily  through  the 
cantonment  and  closes  the  eyes  of  forty  thou- 
sand men;  the  voices  become  silent,  and  the 
lights  disappear  one  by  one.     In  five  minutes 


everything     seems     mournful     and     desolate. 
There,  again,  is  the  romance  of  the  bugler. 

It  is  only  natural  that  the  bugler,  vested 
with  such  powers,  should  be  an  important 
personage.  He  is  the  envy  of  the  small  boy, 
the  wonder  of  admiring  visitors,  and,  if  he  is 
an  expert,  the  pride  of  his  company. 

2.  The  patrolling  of  the  camp  proper  and 
the  maintenance  of  good  order  within  its 
limits  are  in  the  hands  of  the  military  police. 
These  "cops  of  the  army,"  of  which  there  are 
a  hundred  and  forty  at  Upton,  are  members  of 
the  New  York  police  force.  They  do  not  carry 
rifles,  but  are  armed  with  night-sticks,  or 
"billies,"  as  they  are  familiarly  called.  The 
sentries  which  one  encounters  are  regimental 
guards,  who  patrol  the  grounds  of  their  organ- 
ization. Here  is  a  sentry  of  the  infantry  — • 
his  regulation  uniform  supplemented  by  helmet, 
muffler,  and  sweater  —  patrolling  his  post  in  zero 
weather. 

3.  The  sentries  of  the  negro  section  are,  of 
course,  detailed  from  the  colored  troops.  This 
is  a  guard  from  the  367th  Infantry. 


48 


1.  Mess-call 


2.  Sentry 


3.  A  Sentry  of  the  367th  Infantry 


FATIGUE,  PRISONERS  AND  SANITATION 


"Fatigue"  in  the  army  is  not  what  the  term 
usually  implies,  although  it  doubtless  has 
some  association  with  weariness.  Any  kind  of 
work,  outside  of  the  strictly  military  routine, 
is  called  fatigue.  When  floors  must  be  scrubbed, 
papers  picked  up  in  the  yard,  wood  chopped, 
ashes  sifted,  or  any  of  the  thousand-and-one 
non-military  duties  of  the  soldier  must  be  per- 
formed, a  fatigue  detail  is  called  upon.  A 
record  of  such  details  is  kept  by  the  first 
sergeant.  If  five  men  are  needed,  he  starts  at 
the  top  of  the  roster,  and  impresses  the  first 
five  men  into  service;  if,  on  the  next  occasion, 
eight  men  are  needed,  he  takes  those  whose 
names  next  appear.  The  men  of  the  company 
who  have  been  reported  for  minor  offenses  are 
always  called  first  to  make  up  the  detail;  if 
there  are  not  enough  of  them,  the  first  sergeant 
obtains  the  rest  in  the  ordinary  way.  The 
detail  in  the  picture  (i.)  is  building  a  scaffolding 
on  this  barracks. 

2.  Ordinarily,  there  is  a  guard-house  in  every 
regiment,  where  the  unruly  members  of  the 
organization,  who  have  been  court-martialed 
and  sentenced  to  from  one  to  thirty  days'  hard 


labor,  are  sent.  But  strangely  enough,  guard- 
houses at  Camp  Upton  are  scarce.  The  men 
have  conducted  themselves  in  such  an  orderly 
manner  that  few  have  been  called  before  the 
disciplinary  boards;  accordingly,  most  of  the 
guard-houses  have  been  turned  into  barber- 
shops or  store-rooms,  and  regimental  prisoners 
have  been  confined  to  their  barracks.  There  is, 
however,  a  detention  barrack,  to  which  all 
those  who  have  received  sentences  of  from 
thirty-one  days  to  three  months  are  sent.  This 
picture  shows  the  "pen,"  and  the  guard,  which 
has  just  been  turned  out. 

3.  Military  prisoners  are  decidedly  "out  of 
luck."  From  morning  to  night,  they  work 
steadily,  doing  all  kinds  of  odd  jobs  about  the 
camp,  under  the  surveillance  of  the  guards. 
Here  are  a  few  prisoners  and  their  guards. 

4.  The  sanitary  officer  has  decreed  that  all 
mattresses  and  bedding  shall  be  thoroughly 
aired  each  morning.  The  boys  have  found  that 
the  easiest  way  to  conform  to  this  rule  is  to 
hang  their  equipment  out  of  the  window  while 
they  are  drilling,  and  the  result  is  shown  in  the 
picture. 


50 


1.  Fatigue 


2.  The  "Pen" 


3.  Prisoners  at  Work 


4.   "Out  the  window  you  must  go!" 


THE  TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  OFFICERS 


Instead  of  holding  the  ordinary  officers' 
training  camps  in  the  military  divisions  during 
the  winter,  the  War  Department  instituted 
Training  vSchools  for  Officers  at  the  draft  can- 
tonments. These  were  not  open  to  everyone, 
but  only  enlisted  men  of  the  national  guard, 
regular  army,  and  members  of  the  collegiate 
R.  O.  T.  C.  organizations,  were  eligible.  College 
men  who  were  unattached  to  the  service  were 
required  to  enlist  in  the  army;  if  they  fail  to 
receive  their  commissions,  they  will  be  de- 
tailed as  enlisted  men  to  the  army.  All  men 
receive  the  pay  of  a  first-class  private,  $33  per 
month,  except  the  draft  men,  who  retain  their 
grades  and  pay  while  attending  the  school. 
When  the  course  is  completed,  the  Upton  men 
will  return  to  their  regular  companies;  the 
others  will  be  assigned  to  various  regiments 
until  the  results  of  their  examinations  are 
known. 

There  are  few  companies  of  this  organization 
at  Upton:  three  of  infantry,  and  one  of  artil- 
lery.    They  are  situated  in  the  square  formed 


by  Second  and  Third  avenues,  and  Thirteenth 
and  Fourteenth  streets. 

The  results  of  this  school  have  been  very 
satisfactory.  Since  all  men  have  had  previous 
military  experience,  it  is  not  necessary  to  teach 
them  the  fundamentals.  Much  time  is  thereby 
saved,  and  the  instructors  are  enabled  to  be- 
gin with  more  complex  features  of  the  art  of 
war. 

The  hours  of  routine  are  much  longer  than 
those  of  the  ordinary  soldiers'  day.  From 
reveille  to  taps  there  is  drill  after  drill,  class 
after  class.  For  although  they  already  know 
the  elementary  drills  and  movements,  they 
practise  them  frequently  to  perfect  their  knowl- 
edge and  keep  in  good  physical  condition. 
These  officers-to-be  are  required  to  perform 
"fatigue"  just  as  much  as  the  ordinary  soldiers. 
Here  we  have  a  group  of  men  —  collegians 
and  the  picked  sergeants  of  the  draft  army, 
most  of  whom  will  soon  wear  the  officers' 
bars  —  busily  digging  a  small  trench  for  a 
water-pipe. 


52 


OFFICERS-TO-BE 


THE  ARTILLERY 


Before  our  entrance  into  the  war,  the  Field 
Artillery  of  the  United  States  Army  were 
classified  as  Light,  Mountain,  Heavy,  and 
Horse.  The  light  artiller>^  was  armed  with 
three-inch  rifles;  the  mountain  artillery  had 
three-inch  mountain  howitzers;  the  horse  ar- 
tillery was  practically  identical  to  the  light,  and 
had  the  same  guns ;  and  the  heavy  artillery  were 
equipped  with  4.7  guns  ("four-point-sevens," 
as  they  are  called  in  the  service),  and  six-  and 
seven-inch  howitzers. 

It  would  not  be  judicious,  even  if  it  were 
possible,  to  enumerate  the  great  changes  which 
the  old  artillery  system  will  undergo  within 
the  next  year  or  two.  Vaguely,  motors  will 
probably  supplant  horses,  to  some  extent,  and 


the  four-point-sevens,  so  diminutive  in  com- 
parison with  the  corresponding  French  and 
English  artillery,  will  be  superseded  by  larger 
and  heavier  guns. 

There  are  three  artillery  regiments  at  Camp 
Upton:  the  304th,  305th,  and  306th.  They 
are  commanded  respectively  by  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  John  R.  Kelley,  Colonel  Fred  C.  Doyle, 
and  Colonel  L.  S.  Miller. 

The  equipment  consists  of  three-inch  pieces 
and  "four-point-sevens."  Some  months  hence, 
however,  the  boys  in  this  picture  will  probably 
have  the  pleasant  sensation  of  sending  tons  of 
steel,  fired  from  gigantic  artillery,  into  the  land 
of  the  Boche. 


54 


AN    ARTILLERY    GROUP 


tHE  ENGINEERS 


It  is  no  military  secret  that  the  twelve 
hundred  engineers  of  our  former  army  have, 
within  the  last  eighteen  months,  been  increased 
to  over  a  hundred  thousand  enlisted  men,  and 
ten  thousand  officers.  The  French  and  English 
leaders  tell  us  that  the  engineers  are  of  vast 
importance  in  the  present  war,  and  that  the 
enemy,  as  a  physical  unit,  cannot  hope  to 
overcome  an  equal  physical  unit  which  is 
adequately  susbtantiated  by  materials.  The 
respect  for  the  American  engineer  has  grown 
since  the  news  came  that  he  was  the  first  of 
our  forces  to  be  in  actual  combat.  And  it  is 
a  significant  fact  that  the  corps  is  practically 
the  only  branch  of  the  service  at  which  no 
criticism  of  unpreparedness  has  been  directed. 

There  is  a  great  difference  between  the  civil 
and  military  engineer.  The  engineer  of  the 
army  must  be  able  instantly  to  adapt  the 
material  on  hand  to  the  purpose;  he  cannot 
wait  for  more  suitable  supplies.  His  only 
requirements  are  the  perfection  of  the  finished 
work,  and  the  speed  with  which  it  is  done ;  the 
amount  and  cost  of  materials  do  not  matter. 

Every  military  division  has  a  regiment  of 
engineers  among  its  units.  The  manifold 
duties  of  these  men  seem  incredible.     In  the 


first  place,  they  must  be  first-class  infantrymen; 
they  are  as  carefully  trained  in  the  use  of  rifles 
as  the  members  of  the  infantry,  and  the  engineer 
officers  attend  the  infantry  schools. 

When  a  sector  is  occupied  by  the  troops,  the 
engineers  are  responsible  for  constructing  the 
roads,  building  the  bridges,  digging  the  tunnels, 
and  drawing  accurate  maps  for  the  use  of  the 
combatant  units.  They  are  subjected  to 
greater  peril  than  most  other  troops,  because 
they  must  go  ahead,  and  prepare  for  the  ad- 
vance of  the  fighting  columns.  They  plan  the 
trenches,  construct  the  more  complex  forti- 
fications, lay  mines,  build  pontoons  and  dig 
tunnels  —  and  all  within  the  range  of  the 
enemy's  guns.  Their  duties  also  include  the 
camouflage  work,  photography,  the  care  and 
handling  of  pack  animals,  and  the  use  of  the 
portable  searchlights.  In  fact,  it  is  difficult  to 
imagine  any  military  work  with  which  the 
engineers  are  not  in  some  way  connected. 

The  corps  is  represented  at  Camp  Upton  by 
the  302nd  Regiment  of  Engineers,  an  organ- 
ization which  has  already  done  excellent  work 
in  the  construction  of  the  camp.  It  is  com- 
manded by  Colonel  C.  O.  Sherrill,  a  regular 
army  officer  and  a  military  author  of  repute. 


56 


A   COMPANY   OF   THE    302nd   ENGINEERS   AT   RETREAT 


THE  SIGNAL  CORPS 


Like  the  Engineers,  the  Signal  Corps  has 
many  duties  which  one  does  not  ordinarily- 
associate  with  that  branch  of  the  service.  Be- 
sides the  signal  work  itself,  the  men  are  charged 
with  the  construction,  repair,  and  operation  of 
military  telephone  and  telegraph  lines  and 
cables,  field  telegraph  trains,  radio  installations, 
balloon  trains,  and  aviation.  The  aviation 
service  is  under  the  aviation  section  of  the 
Signal  Corps  and  has  no  relation  to  the  unit  at 
Upton.  Men  in  the  department  are,  for  the 
most  part,  those  who  have  had  previous  train- 
ing and  experience  in  telephone  and  telegraph 
work,  or  such  trades  with  which  the  duties  of 
signal  men  are  in  some  way  associated.  At 
first  the  men  are  drilled  in  the  more  elementary 
details  of  their  work,  such  as  telegraphing  and 
visual  signaling.     Later   they   will   learn  how 


to  erect  field  telegraphs  and  telephone  systems, 
or  connect  points  by  the  ground  telegraph. 

There  are  two  varieties  of  hand  signaling; 
the  wigwag,  which  is  visual  adaption  of  the 
International  Morse  Code,  and  the  semaphore 
two-arm  or  two-flag  system,  which  is  illustrated 
by  the  accompanying  picture.  The  wigwag 
code  is  communicated  by  describing  arcs  to  the 
left  with  the  arms  or  flags;  a  dot  is  on  the 
right  side  of  the  sender,  and  the  "dash"  is  a 
similar  motion  to  the  left. 

The  semaphore  code  is  easier,  because  the 
letters  follow  each  other  in  logical  sequence, 
each  letter  being  represented  by  a  different 
position  of  the  arms  or  flags. 

The  men  in  the  picture,  members  of  the 
Camp  Upton  Field  Signal  Battalion,  are  hav- 
ing semaphore  drill. 


58 


SEMAPHORE   DRILL 


THE  MEDICAL  CORPS 


The  duties  of  the  Medical  Corps  are  the  su- 
pervision of  the  camp  sanitation,  the  care  of 
the  sick  and  wounded,  the  physical  examination 
of  officers  and  enlisted  men,  and  the  manage- 
ment and  control  of  the  military  hospitals. 
Recently,  the  Red  Cross  was  incorporated  with 
the  service;  all  equipment  now  belongs  to  the 
military,  and  the  former  Red  Cross  men  are 
now  enlisted  men  of  the  army,  and  members  of 
the  Medical  Department. 

The  first  duty  of  the  corps  is  to  prevent 
sickness.  This  is  done  most  effectively  by 
requiring  strict  adherence  to  the  rules  of 
sanitation  which  have  been  drawn  up.  Twice 
daily  there  is  a  "  sick-call ' '  at  Upton,  when  all 
men  who  are  unwell,  or  think  they  are,  report 
on  the  sick-list.  They  are  marched  to  the  regi- 
mental infirmary  and  examined.  If  their  ail- 
ment is  of  a  trivial  or  imaginary  nature,  they 
are  cared  for  at  the  infirmary;  otherwise,  they 
go  to  the  base  hospital  for  further  examination 
and  treatment.  The  health  record  of  Upton, 
like  that  of  most  of  the  draft  cantonments,  has 
been  excellent,  and  the  amount  of  sickness,  . 
negligible.  This  happy  condition  is  due  to  the 
healthful  situation  of  the  camp,  the  effective- 
ness of  the  sanitary  measures,  and  the  excellent 


work  of  the  corps  in  treating  those  who  have 
become  ill,  and  enabling  them  soon  to  return 
to  duty. 

The  first  picture  shows  a  group  of  ambulances, 
distinguished  by  the  familiar  red  cross  on  their 
sides,  waiting  for  calls  outside  of  one  of  the 
regimental  infirmaries.  The  machines  are 
adjuncts  to  the  307th  Ambulance  Company, 
a  branch  of  the  302nd  Headquarters  Train, 
and  the  drivers  are  enlisted  men  of  the  Medical 
Corps. 

The  second  picture  shows  a  company  of  M. 
C.  men,  drilling  with  stretchers,  or  "litters," 
as  they  are  called  officially.  They  are  prepar- 
ing for  the  day  when  they  shall  bring  back 
their  wounded  comrades  from  No  Man's  Land. 

The  third  picture  shows  the  headquarters  of 
the  base  hospital;  and  the  fourth,  one  of  the 
wards.  The  hospital  is  three  miles  away  from 
the  camp  proper.  The  various  wards  are 
connected  by  enclosed  passages;  one  can  go 
from  one  end  of  the  hospital  to  the  other  with- 
out stepping  out  of  doors. 

The  commanding  officer  of  the  Medical 
Department  of  Camp  Upton  is  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Charles  R.  Reynolds,  the  division 
surgeon. 


60 


1.  The  AMBuiiANCE 


2.  Litter  Drill 


I  L\ 

3.  Headqiarters,  Base  Hospital 


4.  One  of  the  Wards  of  the  Base  Hospital 


THE  COLORED  TROOPS 


In  the  "good  old  days"  of  the  army,  the 
negro  troopers  of  the  West  and  Southwest 
were  called  the  "buffaloes,"  both  because  of 
their  color,  and  their  bravery  and  fighting  abil- 
ity. We  have  since  heard  of  these  colored 
soldiers  of  ours,  at  Carizal,  and  in  similar  en- 
gagements, when  they  exhibited  spectacular 
heroism,  and  made  for  themselves  a  name  which 
should  never  be  forgotten.  But  what  is  the 
negro  doing  in  the  present  war!  When  you 
are  at  Camp  Upton,  go  up  Third  Avenue  until 
you  come  to  the  barracks  of  the  367th  Infantry, 
and  inspect  the  men  of  that  regiment.  The 
camp  has  several  thousand  negro  soldiers,  not 
only  from  New  York,  but  from  all  parts  of  the 
East.  And  at  Upton,  too,  they  are  called  the 
"buffaloes,"  that  name  which  soldiers  of  their 
race  earned  in  the  Indian  Wars. 

The  colored  troops  at  Camp  Upton  are  not 
in  the  77th  Division,  but  form  a  detached  unit 
of  the  92nd  Colored  Division.  There  is  a 
regiment  of  infantry  —  367th  —  the  351st 
Machine  Gun  Battalion,  and  the  headquarters 
of  the  184th  Brigade.  They  are  commanded  by 
Colonel  James  A.  Moss,  a  regular  officer,  and 
the  well-known  author  of  some  fifteen  military 
manuals  and  textbooks. 


Visiting  officers  at  Camp  Upton,  who  have 
watched  the  negroes  drill,  have,  without  ex- 
ception, commended  them  highly.  And  even 
to  the  inexperienced  observer,  their  aptitude 
for  military  affairs  is  obvious.  In  drilling, 
maneuvering,  or  marching,  they  show  them- 
selves to  advantage,  but  it  is  in  bayonet  work 
that  they  excel.  It  is  a  fine  sight  to  watch 
these  "buffaloes"  attack  the  dummies.  Their 
eyes  roll,  and  when  they  make  a  good  lunge 
that  broad  grin  of  satisfaction,  so  characteristic 
of  the  negro,  appears,  intensified  perhaps,  by 
a  certain  grimness.  It  seems  as  if  the  bayonet 
had  awakened  some  latent  instinct  for  combat; 
one  feels  rather  uncomfortable,  watching  them 
pierce  the  dummies. 

Most  of  the  lieutenants  in  command  are 
colored  men,  also  a  few  captains;  the  officers 
above  the  latter  rank  are  white  men. 

The  first  picture  shows  a  battalion  of  the 
367th  Regiment  on  the  march,  preceded  by 
fife  and  drum  corps.  The  next  two  scenes  are 
of  bayonet  practice;  in  the  first,  the  men  are 
attacking  the  dummies,  and  in  the  other  they 
are  simulating  actual  combat.  The  final 
picture  shows  a  machine-gun  platoon  of  the 
351st  at  "action  front." 


62 


1.  A  Battalion  of  the  367th  Infantry 


2.  "Up  and  at  'em!" 


3.  "Lunge!" 


4.  "Action  Front!" 


RIFLE,  BAYONET,  AND  TRENCH 


"Not  theory,  but  practice,"  —  that  is  the 
great  message  which  our  allies  have  sent 
across  the  seas  to  us,  and  it  reflects  a  lesson 
which  bitter  experience  has  taught  them. 
Every  effort  is  being  made  at  the  canton- 
ments to  accustom  the  men  to  conditions 
which  approach,  as  nearly  as  possible,  those 
which  they  will  later  encounter  in  actual  war- 
fare. The  innovations  which  the  French  and 
English  troops  have  found  practicable  have 
been  adopted  temporarily  by  our  military  ex- 
perts, and  when  the  new  American  regulations 
appear,  they  will  be  a  compound  of  the  best 
features  of  the  French  and  English  modes  of 
combat. 

Our  boys  at  Camp  Upton  are  learning  the 
proper  use  of  the  rifle,  the  advantages  of  the 
bayonet,  the  construction  of  trenches,  the  best 
ways  of  conducting  a  vigorous  offensive  or  de- 
fensive movement.  They  are  not  learning 
these  elements  from  books,  nor  from  hearsay, 
but  from  usage  and  experience. 

The  first  picture  illustrates  sighting  practice, 
which  is  a  preliminary  to  firing  at  the  rifle- 
range.  The  sights  are  explained  to  the  soldier, 
and  their  effect  on  the  position  of  the  hit.  By 
means  of  the  sight,  the  men  can  tell  exactly 


where  the  bullet  will  hit  the  target,  provided, 
of  course,  that  the  rifle  is  properly  handled. 
When  these  soldiers  go  to  the  range  to-morrow, 
they  will  know,  as  a  result  of  this  drill,  how  to 
set  the  sights  for  the  different  ranges,  how  to 
regulate  the  windage,  how  to  hit  the  "bull." 
In  this  instance  theory  and  practice  have  inter- 
mingled; now  it  will  take  only  practice  to 
enable  them  to  bring  down  a  German  at  five 
hundred  yards. 

The  second  picture  shows  a  group  of  engineers 
constructing  a  model  trench. 

The  men  in  the  third  picture  are  crossing  a 
trench  (supposedly  a  German  first-line)  and 
are  rushing  forward  to  the  second  line  of  de- 
fenses. They  are  illustrating  the  most  econom- 
ical and  effective  means  of  disposing  of  the 
superfiuous  defenders;  one  good  thrust  on  the 
way  across  is  enough,  and  no  time  is  lost  in 
unnecessary  formality. 

An  imaginary  attack  is  taking  place  in  the 
fourth  picture.  As  each  man  rushes  forward 
and  kills  his  man  with  the  bayonet,  his  com- 
rades, directly  in  the  rear,  advance  and  follow 
up  the  advantage.  Imagine  the  dismay  of  the 
Teuton  defenders  upon  seeing  this  formidible 
line  of  bayonets  approach. 


64 


1 


1     ^ 


n  1TT^3^ 


1.  Sighting  Practice 


i 

ii 

IM 

r 

-•   .'\-^.  ^ 

1     i 

^■1 

afif'*^'^ 

P! 

2.  Trench  Construction 

3.  Over  the  Top 


4.  "Vae  Victis! 


RANGE -AND  FINIS 


And  finally  we  come  to  the  rifle-range,  where 
our  boys  are  learning  to  hit  the  bull's-eye,  and 
are  preparing  for  the  great  day  when  the  bull's- 
eye  they  hit  will  be  a  German.  There  are  over 
two  hundred  targets  at  Upton,  at  which  the 
soldier  can  shoot  from  different  ranges.  After 
he  has  fired,  the  markers,  who  stand  in  pits 
below  the  targets,  pull  down  the  frames,  inspect 
them  carefully,  paste  a  slip  of  paper  over  the 
bullet  holes,  and  designate  with  a  disk,  which  is 
on  a  long  pole,  the  position  of  the  hit.  A  scorer, 
who  stands  behind  the  firing-line,  keeps  an  ac- 
curate account  of  the  results.  The  bull's-eye 
counts  five  points,  and  the  larger  rings,  four, 
three,  and  two ;  a  hit  on  any  part  of  the  target 
counts  two.  Ten  bull's-eyes,  counting  fifty 
points,  are  necessary  for  a  perfect  score. 

And  now  that  we  have  become  acquainted 
with  some  of  the  more  important  details  of  the 
lives  of  the  New  York  draft  men,  and  with 
some  of  the  Camp  Upton  units,  we  ask  the 
question:  "Has  the  cantonment  been  a  suc- 
cess?"   And  there  is  only  one  answer  —  "Yes." 


Although  the  military  authorities  were  greatly 
handicapped  by  the  delay  in  the  completion 
of  the  cantonment,  they  have  since  more  than 
made  up  for  the  time  which  they  lost  at  the 
beginning.  Now  the  men  are  as  well  trained 
and  equipped  as  any  draft  men  in  any  canton- 
ment. For  this  achievement,  the  War  Depart- 
ment and  the  divisional  authorities  are  partly 
responsible.  But  they  are  not  alone  respon- 
sible, nor  should  they  receive  all  the  credit. 
They  have  succeeded  thus  far  because  of  the 
excellent  work  of  the  subordinate  officers, 
and  above  all,  because  of  the  wonderful  spirit 
of  the  New  York  draft  men.  At  times,  these 
soldiers  have  been  cold,  they  have  been  lonely, 
they  have  been  unhappy,  but  they  seem  to 
have  inherited  the  old  habit  of  the  American 
soldier — "Smile,  smile,  smile"  —  and  have 
borne  all  their  hardships  without  complaint. 
And  that  is  the  spirit  which  will  drive  the 
German  back  to  Berlin,  and  show  the  world  that 
America's  citizens,  as  soldiers,  are  second  to  none. 
And  now  that  we  have  finished,  hats  off  to 
the  officers  and  men  of  Camp  Upton! 


66 


AT   THE   HUNDRED-YARD   RANGE 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 
PHOTOGRAPHER'S  PERMIT 


d»7s  of  sbon  date,  «nd  will  b«  Ultcn  ap  hj  tfe* 
_.  .^__.^  .—..__....  iddManeil  »Bd  >v<ani«4  l>f 
»n   Piibllc   inforaution. 


•iithorltf  (o  wliMn  It  l<i  •ddNAnMl  *ad  wtanMd  hf 


n«%   showing  nctivitU 


WO  PHOTOGRAPHS  SHOWING  THE  FOIAOWIWG  SHALL  BE  MADE  t 

CifcrlnwRl*  til  MMcriaU,  EB>renrhin«nt».  or  Fmnilioiu; 
Gat  DcTeaM  Traintny  or  Gu  ApdUuiccs: 
MmUm  Qim  T«f(«te; 
CiMtwIm  Tifc. 


FtlV  OB  a 


Thitf  pM-ait  is  iHMWd  M  tW  expran  cmdition  that  ■Jl  phMMrapha  •hall  ba  labmittcd  pvMapttr  aad  befor* 
pubUralinn  to  tke  ComnittM  on  TubUc  InfonaaUan.  10  Jackaon  Pfahce,  WBaMaglon.  D.  C^  atw)  that  anly  thoa* 
pirUim  al!l  bt  rtltmatd  that  a»ctirc  official  approval  tntm  the  War  Departaiant  throufh  the  Conaiituc^  oa  Public 


U/ormatloo. 

Still  |>b»tiwriipba  with  nnn 
Itrattf;    nM  prlot.  it  approred. 


B  (Hitit  fvlll  ba  ratalaeil  aa  a  rword  b^  tbe  CoHuinint^  oo  Pabilc  loforfluttlMi.  bihI  »n« 

hy  lliQ  Witr  DapaftlMnt.    PrloU  (bat  nn  not  attmltuilbto  will  te  aUiapMl  "  Not  pttiwd 

I  Public  Infnnui'ffon.  WaaUngcoa."  and  will  b9  retonted  u  tba  owotr.    Tk*  poMfntlon.  r«pro- 

a  piMltlra.     Onafl 


■  forMiMea. 

»  with  tltlpft  (n  he  nite<I  iriionM  he  aiibmlttod  lu  doi^cate 
»  for  bltarstioaa.  If  rvqulml.  and  the  otb«r  film  wfl 


ft  retalDcd  hr  tkm  Conuntlt^-  i 


[  revrre*  th«  prtv1l«K»  of  iislivt  aorb  pbotoxnipba  for  nfflrln]  i 


r  the  $«cra(Ary  uf  V 


»  (llanatloii  of  tba  antiiontin  to  wbosi  : 


■orotntinleattoa  la  dlrec 


-g^^.^'. 


ia/aniMMo*,  W*»M»gUHi,  J>.  G, 


Permit   given   the   Author   by   the    Committee   on 
Public  Information 


^/\ 


/ 


mo(OGB«iBaEt>3  piaiai 


C^UP  UPTOR,  X.T. 


mo  bearar,  lJr,t!*t«r.."«Wf»^4-i ,  >*ooo  photngr-th  oa4  sienaturo 

re  herate  attadwd,   i»  tarehf  «ocredltoa  to  Oanp  Uptnn  »3  the  photoerafhor  for 

i9*.:«.i.;vrow*.v.!rai'?y. 

B>1»  perott  aatu:«*  the  photographor  to  810  frosdOB  of  the  Caap  ond  to  itjc 
-rlTilogee  «ie«lii  «•  aagr  ^  nooetsary  to  the  pi-opor  perfonmnoo  of  bl»  *;tie» 
under  the  eaperrlalon  and  control  of  tho     Caop    Censor. 


rp 


B7  Coneiiil  of    !&Jor    Cenet*!  Bsly 


>t .     Adjutant 


Si^ture  of  tho  'Tarrespondent. 


Permit  given  the  Author   by  the  Camp  Upton 
Authorities 


M 
o 
o 

PQ 


W  2  t  I  >■ 

tj  a  >-;  h  < 

51:  3  :^  a  Q 

O  o       uj  2 

K  w  T  w 

lO  I  K  ?■ 

«N  "  >- 1:  ,y 


•^  o  <  !:  0 

(-(   u.  Q  o 
►4  0)  H  f- - 


Eh 


0) 

<  ^  ^ 

u  g  u  Q  oi 

ffl  g  2  2  3 


Oj  tH     ""   to   -    <   Q 

S         ^  >  3:  s  <  > 
•^         <;  s:  I-  ^  Q  o 


;fr^v^- 


/ 


mmm.: 


"'ir 


